Tourism Geography

Best Things to do in Donegal Ireland

Reema Bharti

Reema Bharti

· 14 min read

Donegal, situated in the northwest of Ireland, offers a diverse range of activities for every type of traveler. From exploring scenic coastal trails to immersing yourself in rich cultural heritage, there's something here for everyone. Whether you're seeking outdoor adventures like surfing on the Atlantic waves or craving a dose of history at ancient sites like Donegal Castle, this charming county has it all.

During my recent trip to Donegal, I was captivated by the stunning beauty of the Slieve League cliffs, standing tall against the wild Atlantic backdrop. The traditional music sessions in local pubs added a delightful touch of Irish culture to my evenings. And let's not forget the warm hospitality of the locals, who made me feel right at home. Donegal truly exceeded my expectations and left me with unforgettable memories to cherish.

Top 10 Things to do in Donegal Ireland

The top 10 things to do in Donegal, Ireland, offer an array of vibrant experiences. Donegal boasts stunning landscapes similar to those in Waterford, from rugged coastal cliffs to serene beaches. Visit Glenveagh National Park for breathtaking scenery and explore the historic Donegal Castle, akin to touring the ancient Waterford Viking Triangle.

I've personally hiked along the Slieve League Cliffs, where the views rival any coastal site in Ireland. Taking a boat tour around Donegal Bay reminded me of pleasant afternoons spent on Waterford's rivers. Every visit to Donegal leaves me with a renewed appreciation for Ireland's natural beauty and rich history. Whether you're among spectacular scenery, capturing the wild Atlantic beauty or enjoying local seafood, Donegal captures the heart like few other places.

Visit Glenveagh National Park

Glenveagh National Park

Source: Wander Your Way

Glenveagh National Park is a must-see in county Donegal, akin to visiting the Viking Triangle in Waterford. The park spans thousands of acres with lush forests, pristine lakes, and a variety of wildlife. Tour the historic Glenveagh Castle, much like touring Reginald's Tower, and enjoy a guided tour of its ornate rooms and manicured gardens.

I spent a whole day hiking through the rugged landscapes, reminiscent of the Comeragh Mountains. Sitting by the serene lake at Glenveagh, I felt a peaceful solitude that reminded me of quiet mornings by the Quay in Waterford. The local guides were incredibly knowledgeable, offering insights into both the natural and historical significance of the area. It’s a place where every visit reveals something new, much like each tide that rolls into Waterford brings something fresh to the shore.

Explore Donegal Castle

Donegal Castle

Source: Wikipedia

Stepping into Donegal Castle transports you back in time with its restored 15th-century charm. The castle, located in the heart of Donegal Town, once belonged to the O'Donnell chieftains. Walking through the grand halls and elegant rooms, I felt the rich history embedded in the thick stone walls. The detailed tapestries and period furniture provide a glimpse into the lives of Irish nobility.

The castle's architecture is impressive, featuring a large tower and defensive structures that showcase medieval craftsmanship. The guided tours are informative, highlighting the castle's history and restoration efforts. Don't miss the scenic views of the River Eske, which flows nearby, adding to the serene atmosphere of this historical site.

Discover Slieve League Cliffs

Slieve League Cliffs

The Slieve League Cliffs offer some of the most breathtaking ocean views in Ireland, rivaling even the famous Cliffs of Moher. Towering dramatically above the Atlantic, these cliffs provide a perfect spot for hiking and photography. The path leading to the summit is well-trodden and offers various scenic points to pause and take in the sweeping vistas.

I've walked the Slieve League Cliffs several times, and each visit feels as mesmerizing as the first. Standing atop, with the wind in my hair and the expansive sea below, is truly exhilarating. The sheer drop and rugged landscape make for unforgettable photos. It's a place where the natural beauty of Ireland really shines through, making every trip worth the effort.

For anyone visiting Donegal, Slieve League is a must-see. The area is less crowded than other tourist spots, allowing for a peaceful and intimate experience with nature. Make sure to wear comfortable shoes and bring a camera to capture the dramatic heights and stunning ocean views.

Enjoy a Day at Rossnowlagh Beach

Rossnowlagh Beach

Rossnowlagh Beach, with its expansive golden sands and crystal-clear waters, stands out as a prime destination in Donegal north west alone. Ideal for surfing, the beach attracts both beginners and experienced surfers due to its consistent waves. Families love it too, thanks to its safe swimming conditions and ample space for picnics and sandcastle building.

Walking along the waterline as the sun sets, I often feel a deep connection to this place. The laughter of families and the rhythmic sound of the waves create a perfect backdrop for relaxation. Surfing here, especially during the early mornings, has always been a rejuvenating experience for me. The local surf schools are great for beginners wanting to catch their first wave.

Additionally, the sandy beach itself is well-equipped with facilities including parking and a seasonal lifeguard service, making it both convenient and safe for visitors. Nearby cafes offer delicious seafood, perfect for refueling after a day in the sun and surf. Whether you're looking to ride the waves or just unwind on the shore, Rossnowlagh Beach offers a memorable escape in the heart of Donegal.

Take a Boat Trip to Arranmore Island

Arranmore Island

Arranmore Island is a must-visit when exploring Donegal. A boat trip to this charming island offers stunning sea views and a glimpse into traditional Irish culture. Once there, you can enjoy activities such as walking trails, visiting lighthouses, or simply relaxing by the seaside.

I remember the first time I took the ferry; the sea was remarkably calm and the sky was a clear blue. On the island, I rented a bike and cycled around, feeling completely at peace. The locals were incredibly friendly, sharing stories and recommending hidden gems. It felt like stepping back in time.

Visit the Donegal Railway Heritage Centre

Donegal Railway Heritage Centre

Visiting the Donegal Railway Heritage Centre is among the top 10 things to do in Donegal, Ireland. This museum celebrates the history of rail transport in County Donegal, once boasting the largest narrow-gauge railway network in the UK and Ireland. The exhibits include restored railcars and memorabilia that capture the golden age of Irish railways.

I remember walking through the authentic train coaches; it felt like stepping back in time. The detailed models of trains and tracks showcased there fascinated me. It's a place where history comes alive, perfect for families and train enthusiasts alike. My personal highlight was the storytelling session about the trains that once connected remote Donegal villages, making the history tangible and engaging.

The centre also hosts special events and train-themed workshops that are both educational and fun. Whether you're a history buff or just looking for a unique experience, the Donegal Railway Heritage Centre is a must-visit.

Walk Through the Donegal Town Centre

Walking through the Donegal Town Centre is a must-do when visiting Donegal, Ireland. The town center is bustling with local shops and traditional Irish pubs where you can enjoy live music and a warm atmosphere. The Donegal Castle, sitting majestically by the Eske River, offers a picturesque glimpse into medieval history. The nearby Diamond is perfect for people-watching and soaking in the town's vibrant energy.

During my last visit, I spent a delightful afternoon meandering through the cobblestone streets. I popped into a quaint bookstore and later treated myself to a creamy pint at a local pub. The friendliness of the shopkeepers and the lively music from the pubs made me feel right at home. Donegal Town not only captures the essence of Ireland but also invites you to make it part of your own story.

Try Sea Kayaking in Donegal Bay

Try sea kayaking in Donegal Bay for an unforgettable experience. Donegal Bay's waters are perfect for kayaking, mirroring the serene and invigorating water activities you'd find in Waterford, Ireland. The bay offers stunning views of the coastline and opportunities to spot marine wildlife.

When I kayaked there last summer, the clear waters and gentle waves made it an ideal day out. I paddled past hidden coves and saw seals lounging on rocky outcrops. The sense of adventure was palpable, and gliding over the shimmering water felt like a dream. This activity is a must for anyone visiting Donegal.

Hike the Bluestack Mountains

Hiking the Bluestack Mountains offers a breathtaking experience similar to the scenic trails in Waterford. The mountains provide a serene escape with panoramic views of the surrounding countryside. Nature thrives here, with each trail offering unique sights and challenges.

On my last visit, I was captivated by the early morning mist that wrapped the peaks—truly a hiker's paradise. I followed a well-trodden path that led to a stunning overlook, a perfect spot for a mid-hike snack. The sense of achievement when reaching the summit at sunset was unparalleled. Each visit brings new discoveries and lasting memories.

Experience Local Arts at the Glebe House and Gallery

Experiencing local arts at the Glebe House and Gallery is a highlight when visiting Donegal, Ireland. This charming location, nestled near Gartan Lough, showcases the eclectic collection of renowned artist Derek Hill. The gallery, set in a picturesque country house, offers a captivating display of both modern and Oriental art.

During my visit, I was struck by the peaceful atmosphere and the impressive range of artworks. Wandering through the rooms, I felt a deep connection to the cultural heritage preserved here. The beautifully landscaped gardens provided a perfect backdrop for reflection after exploring the art collections.

Visitors can also participate in seasonal workshops or enjoy guided tours, making it a dynamic spot for art lovers and families alike. Whether you're appreciating the fine art inside or strolling through the verdant gardens, the Glebe House and Gallery offers a unique glimpse into Ireland's artistic landscape.

What are the Best Outdoor Activities to Do  in Donegal?

Donegal, Ireland, offers an exhilarating blend of outdoor adventures that mirror the charm and challenge found in Waterford. Its rugged landscapes and crystal-clear waters invite endless exploration. I've kayaked around the dramatic sea cliffs and hiked the Derryveagh Mountains, feeling a deep connection with nature. These experiences have made my visits unforgettable, and I'm eager to share these activities with you.

  • Sea Kayaking: Paddle around the towering cliffs and sea caves of Donegal's coastline.

  • Hiking: Explore the Derryveagh Mountains or trek along the Bluestack Way for panoramic views.

  • Surfing: Catch waves at some of Ireland’s best surf spots in Bundoran or Rossnowlagh.

  • Cycling: Pedal through the Glenveagh National Park or along the scenic routes of the Wild Atlantic Way.

  • Bird Watching: Visit the cliffs at Sliabh Liag to spot seabirds in their natural habitat.

  • Fishing: Try your luck at freshwater or sea fishing in Donegal's abundant waters.

These activities not only allow you to witness the natural beauty of Donegal but also provide a thrilling way to immerse yourself in the local environment. Whether you're kayaking beside majestic sea cliffs or hiking through serene landscapes, Donegal offers an authentic Irish adventure.

What are the Best Things to do in Donegal Ireland?

Donegal, with its rugged coastline and charming landscapes, offers a myriad of activities for any traveler. Whether you’re a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply looking for a peaceful retreat, this county combines the cultural depth and natural beauty similar to that just south of Waterford.

During my last visit, I found myself mesmerized by the scenic drives along the Wild Atlantic Way. I also took a day to explore the ancient Donegal Castle, which was as informative as it was breathtaking. The local seafood, fresh and flavorful, was a daily delight. Walking through Glenveagh National Park was a serene experience, with landscapes that photos can’t fully capture.

Here are some of the top activities and sites to visit in Donegal:

  • Drive the Wild Atlantic Way: Experience some of Ireland's most spectacular coastal scenery along this famous route.

  • Visit Donegal Castle: Explore this 15th-century castle located in the center of Donegal Town.

  • Glenveagh National Park: Wander through this vast wilderness, home to the stunning Glenveagh Castle and beautiful gardens.

  • Sliabh Liag Cliffs: Stand atop some of Europe’s highest sea cliffs for breathtaking views.

  • Surf at Rossnowlagh Beach: Catch some waves at one of the best surfing spots in Ireland.

  • Attend the Donegal International Folk & Roots Weekend: Enjoy live music showcasing local and international artists.

  • Explore the Islands: Take a boat trip to the remote and enchanting islands off the Donegal coast, like Tory Island or Arranmore.

  • Fish on Lough Eske: Try your hand at fishing in one of the many freshwater lakes.

  • Craft and Design Shops: Visit local craft shops to see traditional Irish crafts being made and perhaps buy a unique souvenir.

Donegal is a treasure trove of cultural and natural attractions, each offering a unique and memorable experience. Whether you’re exploring ancient castles, enjoying the local cuisine, or simply soaking in the panoramic views, there’s something in Donegal for every type of traveler.

Things To Do in Donegal for Couples

Donegal, Ireland, is brimming with unique experiences perfect for couples seeking something a little different. My partner and I always seek out the less-traveled paths, and Donegal never disappoints. From watching the Northern Lights on a clear night to exploring ancient ruins that few tourists find, every visit brings new discoveries and cherished memories. Here are some uncommon things to do in Donegal for couples:

  • Attend a traditional music session in Ardara and immerse yourselves in the local culture with live, authentic Irish music.

  • Explore the Donegal Craft Village and discover handmade crafts and watch artisans at work.

  • Visit the Disert Heritage Site to explore ancient ruins and a historic burial ground off the beaten path.

Take a seaweed bath in Bundoran: Experience this unique, rejuvenating Irish tradition.

These activities not only bring you closer to each other but also deepen your connection with Donegal’s rich heritage and natural beauty. Enjoying these less common experiences together adds an extra layer of intimacy and adventure to your trip.

Things To Do in Donegal for Families

When visiting Donegal with your family, there are plenty of unique and engaging activities that cater specifically to groups with children. Donegal's rugged landscape and rich history provide a perfect backdrop for educational and adventurous experiences. From exploring ancient castles to engaging in water-based activities, families can enjoy a blend of learning and leisure.

  • Glenveagh National Park: Traverse the vast trails and explore the castle. My kids loved the interactive nature exhibits here.

  • Doagh Famine Village: Offers a poignant look into Ireland's past with stories that are both educational and moving. It was a profound experience for us.

  • Waterbus Tour on Donegal Bay: Not just a boat ride; this tour includes fun pirate-themed stories and sea shanties that had us all singing along.

  • Ards Forest Park: This place is a wonderland of diverse habitats including sand dunes, beaches, and woodlands, with accessible trails and fairy houses that captivated my children’s imaginations.

Each of these activities offers something different, from educational insights into Irish history to exciting tales and tunes on the sea. Donegal is a place where the enchantment of Ireland comes alive, making it perfect for families seeking both relaxation and adventure.

A Month Wise Guide for Top Things to Do in Donegal

Donegal, a county of rugged landscapes and coastal beauty, offers distinct experiences every month of the year. I remember watching the sunset over the cliffs in January, a serene moment of natural beauty. By March, I was joining locals at traditional music sessions, a real taste of Irish culture. Every visit brings something new, from exploring ancient castles to strolling along remote beaches. This guide helps pinpoint the best activities for each month, whether you're looking to admire the Northern Lights in winter or enjoy the bustling seafood festivals in summer. Here, every season shines with its own charm.

Things to Do in Donegal By Month Activities
January Explore the peaceful, snowy landscapes of Glenveagh National Park.
February Visit Donegal Castle, enjoying the history without the crowds.
March Join the vibrant St. Patrick's Day celebrations across Donegal.
April Watch the sunrise over the Slieve League Cliffs on a clear spring morning.
May Attend the Donegal International Rally for thrilling motorsport action.
June Explore the beaches around Ballymastocker Bay during the warmer weather.
July Participate in the Earagail Arts Festival for music, arts, and culture.
August Visit Ardara for its annual festival celebrating Donegal's weaving and craft traditions.
September Go hiking or mountain biking in the Bluestack Mountains.
October Enjoy autumn colors and deer watching in Glenveagh National Park.
November Experience the quieter side of Donegal with a visit to the historic Doe Castle.
December Experience a traditional Irish Christmas with festive markets and music in Donegal town.

January

January in Donegal is a time of quiet beauty and raw landscapes. During this month, I always visit Glenveagh National Park for its frost-covered views and peaceful nature walks—it feels like stepping into a winter wonderland. Another favorite is the Donegal Castle, where the history seems even more vivid against the stark winter backdrop.

A visit to the Slieve League Cliffs in January is unforgettable. The crisp air and fewer crowds make the panoramic views over the Atlantic even more breathtaking. For those who enjoy outdoor activities, the chilly waters provide an exhilarating opportunity for surfing at Bundoran Beach. Despite the cold, bundling up and riding the waves is invigorating.

Warm up after a day outdoors with a visit to a local pub in Donegal Town, where traditional Irish music sessions bring warmth and community. January nights here have a charm of their own, with lively tunes and hearty Irish stews.

February

In February, Donegal presents a variety of unique activities that capture the essence of this picturesque county. Exploring the frost-covered trails of Glenveagh National Park is an enchanting experience; the crisp air and serene surroundings always fill me with peace. It’s one of my favorite ways to enjoy Ireland’s natural beauty during the winter months.

Visiting the historic Donegal Castle provides an insight into the rich heritage of the region. Each room tells a story, and walking through the castle feels like stepping back in time—a personal favorite moment for me on chilly February days.

For those interested in the arts, participating in workshops at the Regional Cultural Centre in Letterkenny is a must. Crafting something by hand while immersed in local culture has given me some of my most treasured memories.

March

March is a fantastic time to explore Donegal, Ireland. During this month, the weather begins to soften, making it perfect for outdoor adventures. One of the top activities is visiting the Slieve League Cliffs, which offer breathtaking views of the Atlantic Ocean. The cliffs are among the highest in Europe, and the sea vistas are particularly dramatic in early spring.

On my last visit, I spent a mesmerizing morning hiking up the rugged paths. The crisp, cool air was invigorating, and the panoramic views from the top were worth every step. Later, I headed to Donegal Castle, located in the heart of Donegal Town. The restored 15th-century castle, with its mix of Gothic and Jacobean architecture, is fascinating and offers a glimpse into Ireland's rich history.

For those interested in local culture, the Donegal International Folk & Roots Weekend starts in late March. It’s a great opportunity to enjoy live traditional Irish music and dance, engaging deeply with the local heritage. Donegal truly comes alive with music and festivities, making it a culturally rich experience for any visitor.

April

April in Donegal is a vibrant month filled with outdoor adventures and cultural experiences. During my last visit, I strolled along the stunning beaches of south Donegal, reminiscent of walking beside the serene shores of Waterford. I also experienced the bustling farmers' markets, similar to the ones in Waterford, where fresh, local produce and handcrafted goods are in abundance. The cool, crisp air of early spring made these activities especially enjoyable.

Take a boat tour to explore the rugged coastline. Donegal’s coastline is as breathtaking as Waterford’s Copper Coast. Visit Glenveagh National Park for a day of hiking through lush landscapes and spotting local wildlife. April is the perfect time as the park blooms with spring flowers. Explore the historic Donegal Castle, much like a visit to Reginald's Tower in Waterford, offering a glimpse into Ireland’s medieval past. Participate in the local food and drink scene by trying freshly caught seafood, akin to Waterford’s gastronomic offerings.

May

May is a fabulous time to go north and explore Donegal, Ireland, as the landscape bursts into full spring bloom. During my last visit in May, I enjoyed the breathtaking views along the Slieve League Cliffs, which offer some of the highest sea cliffs in Europe. The vivid greens and wild Atlantic waves are truly mesmerizing.

One must not miss the chance to visit Glenveagh National Park. Here, the castle gardens are vibrant with color, and the surrounding park is teeming with wildlife, making it ideal for leisurely hikes and picnics. I spent an entire day wandering the trails and relaxing by the lake, which was serene and absolutely rejuvenating.

For those interested in cultural experiences, the Donegal Castle in the heart of Donegal Town becomes even more picturesque in May. I found the guided tours very insightful, revealing rich histories and well-preserved architecture. It’s a perfect spot for history enthusiasts.

June

June is a vibrant time to visit Donegal, Ireland, with long days and mild weather setting the stage for a variety of activities. Start your adventure at Glenveagh National Park, where the castle gardens are in full bloom and the walking trails offer stunning views of the surrounding landscape. Boat tours from Donegal Town to the dramatic Slieve League Cliffs are a must, providing a unique perspective on some of Europe's highest sea cliffs.

During my last visit in June, I took the chance to hike up Mount Errigal at dawn. The early morning light over the Donegal landscape is truly magical. I also explored the local craft shops in Ardara, finding handmade tweeds that are simply irreplaceable. Enjoying fresh seafood by the harbor in Killybegs was another highlight, the flavors are as fresh as the ocean breeze. Make sure to catch a traditional music session in one of the pubs; it’s the essence of Irish culture.

July

July is the perfect time to visit Donegal, offering vibrant festivities and abundant natural beauty. During my last visit, I experienced the unmissable Donegal International Folk & Roots Weekend, a celebration of live music that fills the town with energy and joy. I also ventured to the stunning Slieve League Cliffs, where the views at sunset are truly breathtaking.

Take a boat tour around the remote and rugged coastline to see the sea cliffs from a different perspective. The warm July weather is ideal for this. Don't miss a visit to Glenveagh National Park; hiking through this lush landscape, spotting red deer and golden eagles, is an absolute must. Another must-do is spending a leisurely day at one of south west Donegal,'s beautiful beaches, like Ballymastocker Bay, which is particularly inviting during the summer months.

August

August is an ideal time to explore the diverse attractions in Donegal, Ireland. Visitors can enjoy the warm weather by heading to the stunning beaches of the Wild Atlantic Way, such as Murvagh Beach or Bundoran. The clear skies and longer days are perfect for hiking up Mount Errigal, offering breathtaking views from the top.

Outdoor enthusiasts should also check out the Donegal Town Summer Festival, filled with live music, food stalls, and cultural performances that showcase local talent and crafts. For those interested in history, a visit to Donegal Castle, dating back to the 15th century, is a must-see, providing insights into Ireland's rich past.

September

In September, explore Donegal's coastal wonders with scenic hikes along the Wild Atlantic Way. Immerse yourself in the vibrant local culture at the Donegal Bay Seafood Festival. Take to the waves for thrilling surfing adventures at Bundoran Beach. Discover ancient history with a visit to Donegal Castle, standing proudly for centuries. Experience the breathtaking beauty of Glenveagh National Park through guided nature walks. Enjoy a leisurely round of golf against stunning coastal backdrops at Murvagh Links Golf Club. Experience traditional Irish music and dance at lively pubs throughout the county. Capture stunning sunset views over Donegal Bay from the cliffs of Slieve League.

October

In October, Donegal offers an array of activities that embrace its natural beauty. Explore the rugged coastline with exhilarating cliff walks, such as the stunning Slieve League Cliffs, where you can soak in breathtaking views of the Atlantic Ocean. Additionally, experience the county's rich heritage by visiting historic sites like Donegal Castle, immersing yourself in its tales of medieval life.

For those seeking adventure, October provides ideal conditions for water-based activities like surfing along the wild Atlantic waves or kayaking in serene lakes such as Lough Eske. Moreover, indulge in the vibrant cultural scene with traditional music sessions in cozy pubs, where locals and visitors alike come together to celebrate Donegal's unique spirit.

November

In November, amidst Donegal's crisp air and scenic beauty, immerse yourself in the county's rich history by visiting ancient castles and ruins. Explore the rugged coastline on exhilarating cliff walks or enjoy a leisurely stroll along sandy beaches, taking in the majestic views of the Atlantic Ocean. Additionally, indulge in traditional Irish cuisine at cozy pubs and restaurants, savoring hearty meals by warm firesides as you embrace the charm of Donegal's hospitality.

December

December in Donegal brings forth a vibrant tapestry of holiday festivities. From charming Christmas markets adorned with local crafts to the inviting ambiance of traditional Irish pubs resonating with live music, the county offers an array of seasonal delights.

As winter settles in, Donegal invites you to immerse yourself in the warmth of community gatherings and the flavors of traditional Irish cuisine. Whether strolling through festive markets or enjoying the convivial atmosphere of local pubs, December in Donegal promises a memorable experience for all who visit.

FAQs On Best Things to do in Donegal Ireland

1. What are some popular outdoor activities in Donegal?

In Donegal, you can explore scenic coastal trails, go surfing on the Atlantic waves, hike through the rugged mountains of Glenveagh National Park, or take a boat trip south west coast to explore the stunning sea cliffs of Slieve League.

2. Are there any cultural attractions worth visiting in Donegal?

Yes, Donegal boasts a rich cultural heritage. You can visit historic sites like Donegal Castle, immerse yourself in traditional music sessions in local pubs, explore ancient Celtic ring forts, or attend one of the many festivals celebrating Irish culture throughout the year.

3. What water-based activities can I enjoy in Donegal?

You can indulge in a variety of water-based activities in Donegal, including kayaking along its scenic coastline, taking boat tours to explore its islands and sea caves, fishing in its rivers and lakes, or simply relaxing on its beautiful beaches.

4. Where can I find the best scenic spots in Donegal?

Some of the best scenic spots in Donegal include the breathtaking views from the Slieve League cliffs, the serene beauty of Glenveagh National Park, the tranquil shores of Donegal Bay, and the picturesque landscapes along the Wild Atlantic Way.

5. Are there any family-friendly attractions in Donegal?

Certainly! Families can enjoy a range of activities in Donegal, such as visiting wildlife parks like Oakfield Park, exploring interactive exhibits at Donegal County Museum, taking scenic drives along the coast, or enjoying a day of fun at one of the many adventure parks in the area.